Peter Ward is a research fellow at the Sejong Institute. His work focuses on North Korean politics, the economy and society. He has a Ph.D. from the University of Vienna.
DPRK banking has undergone major structural reforms in the past decade
Firms are increasingly encouraged to advertise their commercial ambitions
Examining past addresses offers some hints at changing priorities
Kim Jong Un's address served to re-emphasize the key themes of his leadership in 2018
The state has a range of tools to generate funds from enterprises and individuals
A Pyongyang shopping mall offers hints at a long-term state strategy to undercut private markets
Taken together, the figures offer a revealing picture of short-term changes in DPRK monetary policy
Data suggests the DPRK forex market holds potential for profits, and risks, for individuals and state actors
The DPRK continues to evince stability and continuity, in spite of continued sanctions and worse than hoped for harvests
From economic reform to U.S. sanctions, President Díaz-Canel and Kim Jong Un likely had plenty to discuss
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