“He did a lot of those illegal things, and so he became very rich” is a remark one can often hear from North Korean refugees when they talk about their business activities in the North. At first glance, this remark appears rather strange. According to the letter of the North Korean law, pretty much all private commercial activities in North Korea are illegal. A woman who sells produce from her private fields in the mountains is breaking the law, ditto another woman who sells shoes manufactured in one of the local private workshops. Needless to say, the owner and employees