On the Sino-North Korean border, there are three factors defining the rights of borderland residents. The first is citizenship – Chinese or North Korean. One cannot hold both since China does not recognize dual citizenship (for the record, North Korea does, at least formally). The second is ethnicity – Han Chinese or Korean. Both China and the DPRK share the old Soviet approach to ethnicity: It is a formal status, not merely a question of identity. Last is place of residence, of course: China or North Korea. So, we have 2*2*2=8 combinations, but as we can see from below, there