Mandatory military service is seen as a rite of passage for young Korean males. With few exceptions, nearly half of the South Korean population undergoes military conscription. During military training, servicemen are required to attend two-hour sessions of psychological education, or jeongshin gyoyuk, on a weekly basis. Such education, however, has detrimental effects on integrating North Koreans into South Korean society.

Psychological education entails anti-North Korea, anti-Communist rhetoric. For example, one topic of the videos shown during jeongshin gyoyukis how communist spies caused the collapse of the South Vietnamese government, which is meant to be a forewarning of