From around early 2013, the North Korean government began to implement a series of rather ambitious reforms. These reforms resembled something the world has seen before, namely, those of Deng Xiaoping in China from the late 1970s.

Reforms began, as they did in China, with agriculture. Farmers were allowed to organize into family-based work teams, given fixed plots of land and given a fixed 30 percent of the harvest. This represented a massive change: from the Stalinist, hyper-centralized, state-dominated collective to family-based de factoprivate farming. The new system was, as expected, a success, with a bumper harvest in 2013.