On a weekend morning in September, a 30-year-old South Korean man surnamed Oh traveled to a border island and launched a fixed-wing drone over the water, toward North Korea. By his own account, he did this three more times in the months after.

Then everything came crashing down.

DPRK state media reported in early January that ROK unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) had invaded its airspace multiple times to surveil sensitive sites, publishing a photo of a downed drone. Oh soon confessedto sending the drones in a televised interview, and South Korean authorities subsequently arrested the graduate student over the