An armada of North Korean oil tankers has likely transported over a million barrels of oil from a Russian port in the Far East in 2024, twice the annual U.N. cap, a new report shows, shedding light on the apparent oil-for-guns barter scheme between Moscow and Pyongyang.

Since March, 16 DPRK tankers made 43 visits to the Russian port of Vostochny, likely shipping over a million barrels of oil products and breaching the 500,000-barrel annual limit imposed by the U.N., according to the London-based Open Source Center (OSC).