North Korea will increasingly exploit the space between peaceful diplomacy and direct conflict to threaten the U.S. without provoking confrontation, according to a new declassified U.S. intelligence report.

The U.S. National Intelligence Council (NIC) predicts that North Korea, along with China, Iran, and Russia, will use so-called gray zone tactics — which include everything from cyberattacks and harassing ships and planes to Pyongyang’s balloon launches — to challenge the U.S. while avoiding direct war through 2030.

By operating in gray zones, these states will create “concrete and intangible threats” to the U.S. and its partners and the international order, according