Forced labor by the North Korean state touches the lives of “nearly everyone” in the country and is “deeply institutionalized,” according to a new U.N. report, finding that this practice may even constitute a form of modern-day slavery.

Released Tuesday, “Forced Labor by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea” draws on 183 interviews conducted by the U.N. Human Rights Office in Seoul between 2015 and 2023 with victims and witnesses of DPRK forced labor.

But while the research does feature recent defector testimony, experts say the report largely repeats well-established findings about DPRK human rights violations and offers few new