The importance of science diplomacy is to remove walls between nations and lay a bridge which can help reduce confrontation by solving scientific and technological problems jointly. Scientists collaborate together regardless of their residence and as such, the practice is considered as one of the most innovative methods for contributing towards world peace.

One well-known example of science diplomacy was the collaboration between civilian scientists and engineers of the U.S. and Soviet Union during the Cold War. Although there was no official diplomacy at the time, visas were issued to civilian science and technology personnel both in the U.S. and Soviet Union, joint research was carried out on mutually important topics, such as the international space station.