Pyongyang has been largely silent over Seoul’s anti-DPRK propaganda broadcasts over the past 18 days, whereas in August it fired artillery across the inter-Korean border within a week and a half of the loudspeakers coming on.

So far, North Korea’s reaction has been limited to starting its own anti-South Korean radio broadcasts, which are barely audible on the South Korean side, on January 12 and launching anti-South leaflets on January 13.

Pyongyang’s spokesperson for Foreign Ministry briefly mentioned the broadcasts on January 15.

“The resumption of psychological warfare broadcasts is a sheer provocation, immaterial to the normal process pursuant of the