As North Korea has continued developing its weapons programs, so have sanctions against it grown in depth and complexity.

Sanctions measures from the United Nations, autonomous sanctions and safeguards put in place by financial institutions are often conflated, while patchy enforcement from individual UN member states further complicates enforcement.

UN sanctions against North Korea for example, are often accused of hindering a wide range of DPRK sectors, from agriculture and food availability to legitimate trade.

Speaking last week at the “Doing Business in North Korea” conferencein Seoul, former UN Panel of Experts member William Newcomb said current targeted sanctions on