The rapid development of large language models like ChatGPT in recent years has revolutionized artificial intelligence, while giving rise to fears that a nefarious actor like North Korea could develop or obtain the advanced technology to supercharge its military and cyber operations.

But a closer look at what is actually required to train such cutting-edge systems suggest that such concerns are overblown.

Spurred by the discovery of the transformer architecture by Google scientists in 2017, LLMS technology has rocketed artificial intelligence back into the public consciousness and proven highly capable at certain tasks, promising to bring